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Doubtful — depends on source
E101 (Riboflavin / Vitamin B2) is a yellow colour and vitamin that can be made synthetically, by microbial fermentation, or on animal-derived growth media — so it is treated as doubtful (mushbooh) unless the source is known.
Riboflavin is vitamin B2, also used as a yellow-orange food colour. It can be produced synthetically or by microbial fermentation; the fermentation medium can in some cases be animal-derived.
Made by chemical synthesis or by fermentation using microorganisms grown on a nutrient medium. The medium is usually plant-based, but can vary and is rarely stated.
Riboflavin itself is not a prohibited substance; the doubt is about production. Synthetic and plant-fermentation riboflavin is halal; where the growth medium may be animal-derived, the source should be confirmed. Because this is seldom stated, it is treated as doubtful until verified.
It may be found in — this does not mean every product below contains it.
RiboflavinVitamin B2E101Colour (E101)INS number: 101
In Singapore, verify the finished product on the MUIS HalalSG register or contact the manufacturer if the production source is unclear.
Check MUIS HalalSGSources: EFSA, FAO/WHO, MUIS · Last reviewed: July 2026 · This guidance is not certification.
It is usually halal (synthetic or plant-fermentation), but because the fermentation medium can vary and is rarely stated, it is treated as doubtful until confirmed.
It can be produced synthetically or by fermentation; most is not animal-derived, but the medium is not always stated. Confirm if you need certainty.
'Riboflavin', 'Vitamin B2' or 'E101'.
Humble Halal methodology: we classify additives by their common origin, not by any specific product. A generally-halal ingredient does not make a finished product halal-certified. This page is general guidance, not certification or religious/legal advice — always verify the complete product. Last reviewed July 2026.